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61.
Shiba Shankar Giri Sangram Ketan Sahoo Satyendra Nath Mohanty 《Aquaculture International》2010,18(4):539-544
An 84-day feeding trial was conducted to study the effect of replacing dietary fishmeal with dried chicken viscera meal (CVM)
on the growth (net biomass gain, specific growth rate, SGR), feed acceptability, feed conversion ratio (FCR), protein efficiency
ratio (PER) and carcass composition of Clarias batrachus fingerlings. Triplicate groups of fingerlings with mean initial body weight of 13.35 g were fed on six iso-nitrogenous and
iso-lipidic diets. The control diet (CVM0) used marine by-catch fishmeal as the sole source of animal protein. In the other
five diets (CVM100–CVM500), 20–100% of fishmeal was substituted by dried CVM at 20% increments. The highest body weight gain,
SGR and PER, and the lowest FCR were observed in fish fed a diet containing 300–500 g CVM kg−1. The fish accumulated increasing quantities of lipids and decreasing levels of ash in their carcasses with increasing levels
of dietary CVM. 相似文献
62.
Victor Stalinraj Koyadan Kizhakedath Vijayan Mohandas Sanjuktha Changaramkumarth Paran Balasubramanian Shankar Vinayakarao Alavandi Thairiyam Chinnappan Santiago 《Aquaculture Research》2009,40(2):129-138
The objective of this study was to investigate the reason for variation in the virulence of white spot syndrome virus (WSSV) from different shrimp farms in the Southeast coast of India. Six isolates of WSSV from farms experiencing outbreaks (virulent WSSV; vWSSV) and three isolates of WSSV from farms that had infected shrimps but no outbreaks (non‐virulent WSSV; nvWSSV) were collected from different farms in the Southeast coast of India. The sampled animals were all positive for WSSV by first‐step PCR. The viral isolates were compared using histopathology, electron microscopy, SDS‐PAGE analysis of viral structural proteins, an in vivo infectivity experiment and sequence comparison of major structural protein VP28; there were no differences between isolates in these analyses. A significant observation was that the haemolymph protein profile of nvWSSV‐infected shrimps showed three extra polypeptide bands at 41, 33 and 24 kDa that were not found in the haemolymph protein profile of vWSSV‐infected shrimps. The data obtained in this study suggest that the observed difference in the virulence of WSSV may not be due to any change in the virus, rather it could be due to the shrimp defence system producing certain factors that help it to accommodate the virus without causing any mortality. 相似文献
63.
This study aimed to assess the suitability of the Berkowitz' ( 2005 ) social norms approach (SNA) for improving compliance behaviour amongst recreational fishers. A total of 138 recreational shore anglers were interviewed in Eastern Cape, South Africa and asked about their compliance, attitudes towards compliance, perceptions of compliance and the attitudes of other anglers. Results indicate that angler compliance for individual regulations was relatively high (75%–90%). Attitudes of anglers towards compliance was positive, with >80% feeling that “breaking any regulation is wrong.” Yet, as predicted by the SNA, interviewees often overestimated the non‐compliance and negative attitudes of other anglers, particularly as their social proximity decreased. Interviewees with the greatest misperceptions were also less compliant. The social norms present in the Eastern Cape rock and surf fishery fulfil the criteria required for the application of the SNA, suggesting that this approach may provide a suitable normative intervention for improving compliance to be used in conjunction with instrumental approaches in recreational fisheries. 相似文献
64.
65.
B Adil K. M. Shankar B. T. Naveen Kumar Rajreddy Patil Abhiman Ballyaya K. S. Ramesh Sathish Rama Poojary Omkar V. Byadgi Prabhugouda Siriyappagouder 《Journal of veterinary science (Suw?n-si, Korea)》2013,14(4):413-419
A monoclonal antibody-based flow-through immunoassay (FTA) was developed using a nitrocellulose membrane placed on the top of adsorbent pads enclosed in a plastic cassette with a test zone at the center. The FTA could be completed within 10 min. Clear purple dots against a white background indicated the presence of Aphanomyces (A.) invadans. The FTA limit of detection was 7 µg/mL for A. invadans compared to 56 µg/mL for the immunodot. FTA and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) could detect A. invadans in fish tissue homogenates at a 10-11 dilution compared to a 10-8 dilution by immunodot. In fish suffering from natural cases of epizootic ulcerative syndrome (EUS) collected from Mangalore, India, FTA and PCR could detect A. invadans in 100% of the samples compared to 89.04% detected by immunodot. FTA reagents were stable and produced expected results for 4 months when stored at 4~8℃. This rapid test could serve as simple and cost-effective on-site screening tool to detect A. invadans in fish from EUS outbreak areas and in ports during the shipment of live or frozen fish. 相似文献
66.
Neetu S Suresh I Shankar R Shankar D Shenoi SS Shetye SR Sundar D Nagarajan B 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2005,310(5753):1431; author reply 1431
Lay et al. (Research Articles, 20 May 2005, p. 1127) estimated a 600-km length for the tsunami source region. Adding tide-gauge data from Paradip, the northernmost of the Indian east-coast stations and therefore the most critical constraint on the northern extent of the source, we estimate that its length was greater by approximately 30%. 相似文献
67.
Wu X Tong Y Shankar K Baumgardner JN Kang J Badeaux J Badger TM Ronis MJ 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2011,59(2):747-754
Fatty acids (FAs) are essential components of lipids and exhibit important biological functions. The analyses of FAs are routinely carried out by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry after multistep sample preparation. In this study, several key experimental factors were carefully examined, validated, and optimized to analyze free fatty acid (FFA) and FA profiles of triglycerides and phospholipids in serum or tissue samples. These factors included (1) methylation/transesterification reagents, (2) validation of internal standards, and (3) final step concentration of FA methyl esters. This new method was utilized to analyze FFAs and the FA profiles of triglycerides and phospholipids in the serum and liver from a recently established rat model of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). In this model, rats were fed a 220 kcal kg (-3/4) day (-1) diet containing either 5 or 70% corn oil for 21 days using total enteral nutrition. FA compositions of the serum and liver were found to shift from a pattern dominated by saturated and monounsaturated FAs (C16:0/18:1) to one dominated by polyunsaturated C18:2 derived from dietary linoleic acid. Alteration of FA composition in liver after overfeeding of high polyunsaturated fat diets may contribute to the progression of pathological changes from steatosis to inflammation, necrosis, and fibrosis observed in NASH. 相似文献
68.
Kumar S Paul S Sharma AK Kumar R Tewari SS Chaudhuri P Ray DD Rawat AK Ghosh S 《Veterinary parasitology》2011,181(2-4):274-281
The resistance status of Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus to "Diazinon" was evaluated in 20 locations situated at various agro-climatic regions of India. Adult immersion test (AIT) was optimized using laboratory reared acaricide susceptible IVRI-I strain of R. (B.) microplus and minimum effective concentration of Diazinon was determined as 635.2 ppm. The discriminating dose (DD) was worked out as 1270.4 ppm and was tested on female ticks collected from organized and unorganized farms located at different agro-climatic regions of India. On the basis of the data generated on three variables viz., mortality, egg masses and reproductive index, the resistance level was categorized as I, II, III and IV. The average resistance factor (RF) of 6.1 (level II) was recorded in the ticks collected from the northern sub-temperate trans-gangetic plains while high average RF values of 26.65 (level III) was recorded in the ticks collected from tropical middle-gangetic plains. The tropical middle gangetic plain has a very high density of animal populations where farmers use Diazinon for tick control, for agricultural practices and for mosquito control. Due to the continuous use of OP compounds the environmental load of Diazinon has become high in the area. This is the first experimental data generated on Diazinon resistant status in ticks of India. 相似文献
69.
Localization of amyloid beta protein messenger RNA in brains from patients with Alzheimer's disease 总被引:43,自引:0,他引:43
S Bahmanyar G A Higgins D Goldgaber D A Lewis J H Morrison M C Wilson S K Shankar D C Gajdusek 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1987,237(4810):77-80
The distribution of cells containing messenger RNA that encodes amyloid beta protein was determined in hippocampi and in various cortical regions from cynomolgus monkeys, normal humans, and patients with Alzheimer's disease by in situ hybridization. Both 35S-labeled RNA antisense and sense probes to amyloid beta protein messenger RNA were used to ensure specific hybridization. Messenger RNA for amyloid beta protein was expressed in a subset of neurons in the prefrontal cortex from monkeys, normal humans, and patients with Alzheimer's disease. This messenger RNA was also present in the neurons of all the hippocampal fields from monkeys, normal humans and, although to a lesser extent in cornu ammonis 1, patients with Alzheimer's disease. The distribution of amyloid beta protein messenger RNA was similar to that of the neurofibrillary tangles of Alzheimer's disease in some regions, but the messenger RNA was also expressed in other neurons that are not usually involved in the pathology of Alzheimer's disease. 相似文献
70.
Use of hyperspectral data to assess the effects of different nitrogen applications on a potato crop 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Namrata Jain Shibendu Shankar Ray J. P. Singh Sushma Panigrahy 《Precision Agriculture》2007,8(4-5):225-239
This study was conducted to explore whether hyperspectral data could be used to discriminate between the effects of different rates of nitrogen application to a potato crop. The field experiment was carried out in the Central Potato Research Station, Jalandhar, on seven plots with different nitrogen (N) treatments. Spectral reflectance was measured using a 512-channel spectroradiometer with a range of 395–1075 nm on two different dates during crop growth. An optimum number of bands were selected from this range based on band–band r 2, principal component analysis and discriminant analysis. The four bands that could discriminate between the rates of N applied were 560, 650, 730, and 760 nm. An ANOVA analysis of several narrow-band indices calculated from the reflectance values showed the indices that were able to differentiate best between the different rates of N application. These were reflectance ratio at the red edge (R740/720) and the structure insensitive pigment index (SIPI). To estimate leaf N, reflectance ratios were determined for each band combination and were evaluated for their correlation with the leaf N content. A regression model for N estimation was obtained using the reflectance ratio indices at 750 and 710 nm wavelengths (F-ratio = 32 and r 2 = 0.551, P < 0.000). 相似文献